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The thin orange curve is the current sun trajectory, and the yellow area around is the variation of sun trajectories during the year. The closer a point is to the center, the higher is the sun above the horizon. The colors on the time slider above show sunlight coverage during the day.
Get real sunrise and sunset times
This gives the solar window – the area of the sky when the sun would be between 9.00 a.m. Now, this brings us to the next question – why is the sun higher in the sky in summer? The answer lies in the earth’s rotation about its tilted axis and it orbit around the sun. The earth rotates about its own axis, titled at an angle of 23.5° degrees to its orbital plane and at the same time, travels around the sun in a huge circular path through space.
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SunCalc shows the movement of the sun and sunlight-phase for a certain day at a certain place.
The four seasons
It shows what we would see, if we look towards the South Pole from this location. The y-axis represents the altitude or solar elevation, measured from 0° degrees on the horizon to 90° degrees directly overhead. The x-axis represents the sun’s direction on the compass, the solar azimuth.
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The intersection of the sun’s altitude and azimuth on the graph shows the sun’s position in the sky. With the help of these two arc lines, we can chart the sun’s position at any time in a day, during the year, at a given location on the earth’s surface. On December 21st, 9.00 a.m., the sun has risen in the east and is low in the southern sky. On June 21st, at the same time of the day, it is higher in the sky. If we draw a line on the sky dome between these two 9 a.m.
In a similar way, a line can be drawn for the sun’s position at 3 p.m. We now have a rectangle on the sky dome, showing the sun’s position between 9.00 in the morning and 3.00 in the afternoon throughout the year. Part of the summer solstice arc and winter solstice arc along with the 9.00 a.m. The area inside this rectangle is called the solar window for a given location. Let’s try to perceive this planetary motion from a location on the earth’s surface. Imagine the sky as a huge hemispherical dome above our head and the sun moving on the inner surface of this dome.
Let’s draw the sun’s path on summer solstice and winter solstice. As can be clearly seen the two paths are different, with it been longer and higher in the sky in summer and shorter and lower in the sky during winter. The longer the path, longer is the duration of the sun’s stay in the sky. Throughout the year, the sun’s path keeps shifting up and down between these two extremes. The images show the sun path chart for San Francisco, California.
Use Shadowmap to plan with the Sun by visualizing sunlight and shadows anywhere on the Planet. I am using SunCurves to assess the amount of sunlight a parcel of potential agricultural land has. The land has a slight slope and we are unsure if it will receive enough sunlight between April and August to grow crops.
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Now, the sun’s path is lower in the sky, causing the northern hemisphere to receive less light and heat. The shortest day in this period is called the Winter Solstice. The summers are hotter because, the sun’s path is higher in the sky. This makes the days longer and it makes the summer sun more intense. To understand it more clearly, let’s do a simple demonstration using a flash light.
Lastly, the five monthly sun paths for the rest of the year can also be included. There are only five paths as the sun’s path is duplicated as it moves up and down through the seasons. For example, its path on March 21st is the same as its path on September 21st.
SunCalc is a little app that shows sun movement and sunlight phases during the given day at the given location. Based on realistic 3D data and the time-dependent position of the Sun in the sky. As the earth continues its orbit around the sun, it reaches a point where its tilt is sideways to the sun. This is called as the Autumnal Equinox, where both the day and the night are of equal length with 12 hours each.
Around June 21st, the northern hemisphere is tilted the most towards the sun and is called as the Summer Solstice. On this day, which can be referred as the first day of summer, the sun’s path is higher in the sky than it is on any other day in the year. In addition, because the sun is in the sky for more hours, the summer solstice is also the longest day in the year. These extra hours of sunlight gives the sun more time to heat the earth and this is the main reason for summer to be the hottest season.
As the earth revolves back towards the summer, it passes through another point where the axis is tilted sideways to the sun. Once again, day and night are of the same length. Let’s begin by trying to understand the earth’s rotation about its axis, its orbit around the sun and the four seasons. The Sun is the ultimate source of light and energy on Earth.
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